"Cov txiv neej tawv" hauv Rare Metals

Hauv tsev neeg hlau tsawg, muaj ntau tus tswv cuab nrog "tus neeg tawv ncauj".Lawv tsis tsuas yog muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab, tab sis kuj muaj zog corrosion kuj thiab tsis yooj yim oxidized nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, yog li lawv hu ua "tawv hais mav" nyob rau hauv cov hlau.

Lub melting point ntawmtungstenyog siab li 3410 ° C, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov hlau, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv filament.Withstanding kub ntawm 2000 ° C yog ib daim ncuav mog qab zib rau tungsten.Hlau tungsten feem ntau yog siv hauv cemented carbide, tshwj xeeb steel thiab lwm yam khoom, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv, aerospace, cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, thiab qee cov neeg muab nws lub npe ntawm "tus hniav ntawm kev lag luam".

Qhov thib ob melting point yog cov hlau rhenium, uas yog 3180 ℃.Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias rhenium yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj khoom.Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog tsawg heev thiab dispersed, tsuas yog siab dua cov protactinium thiab radium.Yog li ntawd, nws yog lub caij kawg uas pom nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej.Txij li thaum Mendeleev nrhiav tau txoj cai raws sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, cov kws tshawb fawb nrhiav tsis tau nws rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua txog thaum nws tau pom los ntawm German chemists nyob rau hauv 1925.

Qhov thib peb melting point yog cov hlau osmium, uas yog 3045 ℃.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yog cov hlau hnyav tshaj plaws hauv cov xwm txheej, nrog rau qhov ceev txog li 22.4 g / cm3.Nyob rau hauv plaub qhov chaw yog hlau tantalum, uas muaj ib tug melting point ntawm 2996 ° C.

Cov hlau nrog lub ntsiab lus melting tshaj 2000 ° C, nrog rau molybdenum, hafnium, thiab lwm yam.Molybdenumyog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob rau tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag.Tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm molybdenum muaj nyob rau hauv tus neeg laus lub cev yog 9 mg, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws hauv daim siab thiab lub raum.Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem kho nitrogen raws li kev ua ntawm molybdenum thiab hloov nitrogen rau hauv daim ntawv uas tuaj yeem nqus tau.Molybdenum feem ntau yog siv los kho ntau yam hlau alloys, stainless hlau, kub-resistant steels thiab super alloys.Nws yog dav siv hauv kev lag luam tub rog thiab tseem hu ua "ua tsov rog hlau".Lub melting point ntawm hlauhafniumyog 2233°C.Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias ib tug alloy ntawm hafnium, Ta4fC5, yog cov khoom uas muaj lub siab tshaj plaws melting point, txog 4215 ° C.

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